IntroductionSurge arresters are critical for overvoltage protection in power systems. Conventional design methods struggle to quantify failure mechanisms under complex operating conditions.
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High-Voltage Surge Arresters: Features and ApplicationsKey Features1. Nonlinear Voltage-Current Characteristics Utilize advanced materials (e.g., metal oxide varistors, MOVs) to provide nonlinear resistance.
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Transmission line surge arresters (TLSAs) have become an important design and mitigation alternative to improve grounding and reduce investment in overhead ground wire. However, they have also been known to experience a number of mechanical problems in service.
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As in places such as Japan where lightning accounts for more than 50% of power system failures, a high proportion of all transmission line trippings in China are due to lightning strike. For example, operating data for 500 kV lines across five provinces within the China Southern Power Grid showed that, of the 62 total trip-outs registered during one year, 87% were linked to lightning.
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Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV) of a circuit breaker is voltage difference measured between each side of the circuit breaker to ground. The most severe TRV from an amplitude point of view follows interruption of the first phase to clear an ungrounded three-phase fault.
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Increased penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) from solar and wind plants has created challenges for network operators when it comes to power quality issues such as voltage regulation, power factor and harmonics.
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The metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA) is a comparatively inexpensive component within a modern power system. Typically, it is specified, purchased and installed but later often overlooked when planning condition monitoring of assets in a substation.
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Power system engineers all face a similar dilemma at one time or other when trying to identify which product offers the quality they require – especially in today’s global market with its many competing suppliers.
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As surge protective devices, arresters mitigate the impact of events that might otherwise trigger outages and monitoring them has become part of an industry-wide trend toward greater condition assessment of key network components.
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Two types of fault currents can appear on power systems: ground and phase-to-phase. The more important when it comes to surge arresters is the first, which is basically the current that flows through the circuit when there is a short to ground.
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American Transmission Company (ATC) own and operates transmission lines in the States of Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota and Illinois. The system originally belonged to local utilities that had different standards and this resulted in a variety of different line surge arrester installations at 69 kV and 138 kV.
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What is the kJ/kV Uc rating of a Class 1, 10 kA arrester? This type of question has often been asked when it comes to distribution arresters. Yet finding an answer was never easy since these arresters (formerly referred to as Class 1) never had energy ratings.
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At some point, all electrical equipment has an end-of-life-event (EOLE). Sometimes this event can be as benign as being removed and replaced with a newer device, but it can also be the by-product of a thunderous overload.
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While metal oxide arresters are comparatively modern devices, they have nonetheless undergone rapid development. For example, such arresters were among the first apparatus in power systems to be equipped with polymeric insulation. Progress has also been achieved in improving MO resistor performance
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Silicone coatings have traditionally been applied mainly to mitigate insulator contamination problems at substations but the past 25 years have seen their application to overhead lines grow significantly. As this process evolved, coating line insulators moved progressively from something performed mostly in the field to industrial scale application in specialized factories to allow for greater consistency, reliability and economy.
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Manufacturers of power distribution equipment are expected to provide products that last for decades, even under harsh service conditions. In the case of surge arresters, the housing protects the internal metal oxide varistor discs.
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As surge protective devices, arresters mitigate the impact of events that might otherwise trigger outages.
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There are a variety of reasons why an arrester might reach such a state.
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